Roast the butternut squash. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Combine squash in a large bowl with 1 Tbsp olive oil, 1 tsp Kosher salt, ¼ tsp black pepper, 1 tsp garlic powder, and 1 tsp cinnamon. Toss and place on a rimmed baking sheet. Roast for 30-35 minutes, until slightly browned and tender, tossing once halfway through cook time.
Brown the chorizo. While squash is cooking, heat 1 Tbsp olive oil over medium-high heat in a large pan. Add sausage, breaking up with a wooden spoon. Cook 3-5 minutes, stirring often, until cooked through. Use a slotted spoon to remove chorizo and place in a bowl.
Sauté the onion. In the same skillet, add the sliced red onion. Sauté over medium-high heat for 5-7 minutes, until the onions are tender.
Cook the pasta. Meanwhile, bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add a few tablespoons of Kosher salt, then add linguine and cook until al dente. Before draining reserve about ½ cup of the pasta water.
Fry the sage leaves. Heat ¼ cup neutral oil over high heat in a small skillet. When very hot, add 12-15 sage leaves, but cook for only a few seconds! Quickly remove with a slotted spoon or large fork and place in a paper-towel lined plate. Season immediately with a little kosher salt and set aside. (Note: if oil is not hot enough, sage leaves will not get crispy -- they'll be soggy and oily.)
Finish in a pan, then serve! To the large skillet with the onions, add the cooked pasta, chorizo, roasted squash, 2 Tbsp chopped sage, ½ cup mascarpone cheese, and ¼ cup grated Parmesan. Place over medium heat, then add about ¼ cup of the reserved pasta water. Toss until the cheese has melted and everything is evenly coated in the sauce. Top with crispy sage leaves and additional Parmesan cheese, if wanted.